A dry eye, or also known as keratitis sicca, is a medical condition usually associated with an abnormality in the tears. In order for the eye to function properly a certain amount of moisture is required. If this is not present then this creates a number of symptoms known as dry eye.

Symptoms

The dryness can cause a foreign body sensation of burning. If the burning or dryness becomes significant there can be an excess in tearing or "wet eye". The dry eye can be aggravated by smoke, heat, wind, low humidity or excessive use of the eyes such as with reading or computer work. The dry eye usually occurs in both eyes although it can start in one eye first. Oftentimes patients may have dryness of other mucus membranes, such as in the nose or mouth and may have numerous eyelid infections.

Dry eye can occur in patients who have chronic lid infections such as blepharitis. Certain lid abnormalities such as failure to properly close the lid can lead to dryness. This is seen sometimes in patients who have Bell’s palsy. Some patients eyelids remain partially open while asleep known as nocturnal lagophthalmus. Dry eye may be associated with arthritic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis and Sjogren’s syndrome. Scarring on the eyelids from chemical burns or other diseases can also create dry eye. Certain medications such as birth control pills, antihistamines, beta blockers can also produce or aggravate a dry eye. Diseases of the lacrimal glands can also produce a dry eye. Vitamin A deficiency, usually from malnutrition or intestinal problems, can also produce it. The most common cause is unknown.

Treatment of a dry eye since there is no permanent cure is to reduce the symptoms and prevent any damage to your eye. In mild cases Artificial Tears are used four times a day and as needed basis. In some patients with more moderate symptoms the Artificial Tears can be used more often and occasionally a lubricating ointment is used at bedtime. In patients with a more severe disease Tears and/or ointment are used in addition to occlusion of the tear duct opening to help maintain tears in the eye.